Signs and symptoms of kidney stones

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Kidney stones are small, hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys and can cause a range of symptoms when they pass through the urinary tract. The signs and symptoms of kidney stones can vary depending on their size, location, and whether they are causing a blockage or infection.

Common signs and symptoms include:

1. Pain: Kidney stones often cause severe, cramping pain in the lower back, side, abdomen, or groin. This pain is often described as one of the most intense types of pain and can come in waves.

2. Hematuria: Blood in the urine (hematuria) is a common symptom of kidney stones. The urine may appear pink, red, or brown due to the presence of blood.

3. Frequent Urination: You may feel the need to urinate more frequently than usual, and urination may be painful or difficult.

4. Urgency: There can be a strong urge to urinate even when the bladder is not full.

5. Painful Urination: Kidney stones can cause a burning sensation or pain during urination.

6. Cloudy or Foul-Smelling Urine: The presence of kidney stones can lead to changes in the color and odor of urine.

7. Nausea and Vomiting: Some people with kidney stones may experience nausea and vomiting, often as a result of the severe pain.

8. Fever and Chills: If a kidney stone causes an infection, you may develop a fever and experience chills. This is a more serious complication and requires immediate medical attention.

9. Painful Flank or Abdominal Swelling: In some cases, a larger kidney stone or a stone that has caused a blockage can lead to swelling or tenderness in the abdomen or flank area.

10. Painful Groin: If the stone moves into the lower part of the urinary tract, you may experience pain in the groin.

It’s important to note that not all kidney stones cause symptoms, and some may be small enough to pass without you noticing. However, if you suspect you have kidney stones or are experiencing severe pain or any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s crucial to seek medical attention. Your doctor can diagnose kidney stones through imaging tests and recommend appropriate treatment, which may include pain management, dietary changes, medications, or procedures to remove or break up the stones.